Explore common misconceptions and facts about how menstruation, menopause, and aging intersect with MS.

Know the myths and facts

Know the myths and facts

01

Menstruation

Myth

People with MS have abnormal periods.

Fact

This is not always the case. Although, a few studies report that MS symptoms temporarily worsen before or during your period.

Symptoms of MS can often feel worse at certain points in the menstrual cycle, usually seven days before and up to three days into the period. Symptoms such as balance, fatigue, depression, and muscle weakness are likely to worsen during the cycle. A possible explanation is fluctuations in the immune system and the brain during the menstrual cycle.

Some may experience a change in core body temperature, which can rise by about one degree Celsius just before and during the menstrual cycle. This temperature rise can worsen symptoms in the same way that hot climates and fever can. Some MS medications (DMTs) and symptom treatment drugs, for example, beta interferon and some antidepressants (SSRI), can affect periods. These side effects can improve with time.

Consult your doctor or MS team if you are having difficulties managing period symptoms; they will provide you with ways to control your symptoms.

02

Menopause and MS

Myth

All women within the menopause period will have worsening disability.

Fact

Based on studies, the effect of estrogen depletion on disability is inconclusive. Relapse rate seems not to be associated with menopause.

The effects of menopause can feel similar to MS symptoms. Some of these symptoms include hot flashes, fatigue, difficulty sleeping, night sweats, bladder problems, problems with memory concentration, and headaches.

Menopause is when the ovaries stop producing much or any of the estrogen hormones, usually occurring at the ages 45-55 years. Finding ways to manage the effects of menopause could help MS symptoms, too. Talking about your symptoms with your doctor and discussing a further care plan might be beneficial.

Currently, there is no significant evidence to support the effect of menopause on MS relapses or progression; however, more research studies are needed to address this question.

03

Osteoporosis

Myth

Osteoporosis is only a problem for old women.

Fact

A review of the literature on osteoporosis in MS in 2022 estimated that nearly 1 in 5 people with MS have osteoporosis, and more than 2 in 5 have osteopenia.

This is higher than in people of a similar age and gender who don’t have MS.

Periods of immobility, lack of exercise, and prolonged use of steroids can increase the risk of osteoporosis. While hormone therapy can help reduce further bone loss, it can also increase the risk of thrombosis or blood clots in certain cases.

There are many ways to prevent osteoporosis, including eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, taking supplements, and/or taking medications. Your doctor and MS team can help you address this.

Finding support

More on Women’s Health & Family

Explore more resources addressing women’s health and family planning considerations for people living with MS.